Complex Thinking in the Framework of Education 4.0 and Open Innovation—A Systematic Literature Review

Today’s complex, dynamic, interconnected world presents the field of education (“Education 4.0”) with significant challenges in developing competencies for reasoning complexity. This article analyzes complex thinking as a macro-competency sub-competencies critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative educational environments. We worked systematic literature review method, selecting 35 articles Scopus Web Science databases using keywords words interest applying inclusion exclusion criteria. Seven research questions guided data analysis. The results highlighted that: (a) there are common characteristics studies linking thinking, critical creative thinking; (b) is predominance qualitative method studies; (c) competency has been most addressed research; (d) predominant components Education 4.0 teaching methods techniques; (e) three that stand out project feasibility, opportunities, required skills. intended to be value academic social communities decision-makers interested complexity within framework 4.0.